The earliest stage of development encompassing basic research to identify therapeutics.
Proof of Concept
Preliminary experiments, typically performed in test tubes, cells or mice, that confirm the expected beneficial therapeutic effects.
Safety & Manufacturing
Required studies that assess safety, tolerability, efficacy and dose ranges prior to initiating human studies.
Clinical Trials
Testing of the therapeutic in humans, first for safety and then for efficacy. This may be done in a series of trials with a single objective, or in single trials with multiple objectives.
Available Therapeutic
Therapeutic has demonstrated safety and efficacy and can be commercialized by companies and used by doctors to treat patients outside of a clinical trial.